One of the most common tests for detecting possible prostate conditions is the measurement of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a marker that when elevated indicates the possibility of prostate cancer If you have been diagnosed with elevated PSA levels, it is natural to have questions about what it means and what steps to take. Here we explain what PSA is, what high PSA entails and what to do if you find yourself in this situation.
What is PSA?
The prostate specific antigen, better known as PSA, is a protein made only by the prostate. Its function is to prevent semen from clotting, which allows sperm to move freely within it.
A small amount of PSA is found naturally in the blood, and its levels can be measured by a simple blood test. In general, this test is recommended in the following cases:
- All men over the age of 50, and if you have a family history of prostate cancer, from the age of 45.
- If you have symptoms such as painful urination, blood in urine or semen, or constant pelvic discomfort.
What does it mean to have elevated PSA levels?
If blood PSA levels are higher than normal, this could indicate that there is some underlying prostate condition. Some of the most common causes of elevated PSA levels are benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer or prostatitis.
→ Learn the differences between the three most common prostate pathologies.
It is important to keep in mind that having elevated PSA levels does not automatically mean you have prostate cancer, so further testing is essential to determine the exact cause of the increase.
What should I do if I have elevated PSA levels?
PSA levels alone are not sufficient to establish a definitive diagnosis. Therefore, your urologist may perform several additional tests to obtain more information. These tests usually include:
- Urinalysis: To rule out urinary tract infections that may be elevating PSA levels.
- Prostate ultrasound: An imaging test to visualize the prostate and detect abnormalities.
- Flowmetry: To evaluate how urine flows, which can help identify prostate conditions.
- Digital rectal examination: A physical examination in which the urologist feels the prostate through the rectum, which provides an idea of the size of the prostate and can detect nodules.
- Repeat PSA test: In some cases, it is necessary to perform a new measurement after a period of time to observe the evolution of the levels.
One of the most advanced and useful tests for the accurate diagnosis of prostate pathologies is Multiparametric Prostate MRI. This non-invasive diagnostic technique provides detailed images of the interior of the prostate and surrounding organs. It combines anatomical, metabolic and diffusion images, in addition to being complemented by a dynamic study with contrast, allowing not only to identify the location of anomalies or tumors, but also to evaluate their aggressiveness, degree of vascularization and potential for dissemination.
Based on the results of these tests, your urologist will be able to determine if a prostate biopsy is necessary. In this procedure, a small sample of prostate tissue is taken for laboratory analysis to verify the presence of cancer cells.
The PSA test is a valuable test, since it allows us the early detection of prostate pathologies, especially Prostate Cancer. By detecting it in early stages, the chances of successful treatment and cure increase significantly.
Remember, in order to prevent and diagnose possible urological conditions early, and thus increase the quality of life, cure rates and avoid collateral damage, at CreuBlanca our urologists insist on the need for a urological checkup at any concern or pain, especially after the age of 40, if you have risk factors, and if not, after the age of 50. Make an appointment now.