Growth Hormone (GH) is a hormone produced by the body (specifically at the level of the pituitary gland) that has multiple functions, with the most prominent being the proper growth and development of the child.
A deficiency in this hormone is characterized by an insufficient production of it by the body, which leads to a decrease in the normal growth rate of the child. It can present in the following forms:
- Congenital: A condition evident from birth, although the child’s growth may be normal between 6 to 12 months of age.
- Acquired: Can begin at any point in life and is characterized by a decrease in GH production necessary for proper growth.
Causes of Growth Hormone Deficiency
GH deficiency can result from damage to the pituitary or hypothalamic glands.
The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain. It is the main endocrine gland in the body and typically releases multiple different hormones. These hormones control growth, metabolism, blood pressure, and other bodily processes.
In rare cases, GH deficiency can be part of a genetic syndrome. However, in most patients, the cause of GH deficiency is unknown.
Symptoms of Growth Hormone Deficiency
The primary sign of GH deficiency is a reduction in growth rate, measured in centimeters per year and compared with that of other children of the same age. This is detected through regular check-ups with a pediatrician, who will determine if there is growth delay. It is important to note that GH deficiency does not affect the child’s intelligence.
Other associated symptoms may include:
- A younger-looking face.
- Delayed eruption of teeth.
- Hair growth deficiency.
- Delayed puberty.
- Reduced size of the penis.
Diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency
When signs of growth delay or short stature are present, the doctor will analyze the child’s personal history and growth charts. If signs of GH deficiency are noted, tests may be conducted to find the cause.
Tests may include:
- X-ray of the hand to determine bone growth (bone age) and evaluate growth potential.
- Blood tests to identify other diseases that may affect growth and to analyze growth factor levels, which determine the level of IGF-1, a hormone that indirectly measures GH secretion.
- Dynamic GH test, where GH production is physiologically (exercise) or pharmacologically stimulated. If GH levels in the blood do not rise to the reference range, it could indicate a decrease in GH production.
- MRI of the head to rule out abnormalities in the pituitary gland or brain.
Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency
In most cases, the recommended treatment for GH deficiency involves the administration of a synthetic (manufactured) version of GH through an injection given by the parents to the child. Normally, the pediatric endocrinologist evaluates growth every 3 to 6 months and adjusts the dose as needed.
During medical follow-ups, the following will be performed:
– Monitoring of the child’s growth (measuring height).
– Blood tests to assess the response to GH treatment.
Side effects related to the regular dose of GH are uncommon.
Pediatric Endocrinology – Hospital CreuBlanca Maresme
If your child shows signs of reduced growth rate compared to other children of the same age or has a genetic history of growth hormone deficiency, the Pediatric Endocrinology professionals at CreuBlanca will conduct the necessary evaluation and assess the need for additional tests.
The multidisciplinary team of specialists in the Pediatric Unit at Hospital CreuBlanca Maresme will evaluate your child’s symptoms to achieve an accurate diagnosis and provide a comprehensive and personalized treatment and follow-up, tailored to the child’s needs, so they can enjoy a full and healthy life.