Although Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Endometriosis are two common gynecological pathologies, their symptoms and causes are still unknown to a large part of the population, which is why they can sometimes be confused. Knowing the differences between the two disorders is essential for their early detection, thus avoiding the impact they may have on general and reproductive health.
Definition and causes
Both Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis are pathologies that affect the female reproductive system of people in fertile age, that is, those who menstruate between the ages of 12 and 50. Both are also chronic pathologies.
PCOS is a set of clinical manifestations caused by an endocrine-metabolic dysfunction that is linked to hormonal levels and particularly to high levels of androgens (male hormones), which affect the regulation of the menstrual cycle. Its origin depends on multiple factors, like obesity and genetic predisposition.
Endometriosis, on the other hand, occurs when the tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus (the endometrium) grows outside it, usually in the pelvic cavity, either in the intestines, ovaries, bladder or peritoneum. Like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, it also has a hormonal connection, as endometriosis triggers an excessive production of estrogen, the female sex hormone.
Symptoms
Properly identifying the symptoms of both pathologies may help the patient to distinguish between them.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome usually causes:
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Irregular or absent menstrual cycles (amenorrhea)
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Weight gain
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Acné y oily skin
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Excess facial and body hair
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Difficulty getting pregnant
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Follicles or small cystic formations on the ovaries (although not all women with PCOS have them)
Whereas, Endometriosis causes the following symptoms:
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Chronic pelvic pain
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Very painful and heavy menstruation
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Pain during or after sexual intercourse
- Infertility
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Fatigue
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Gastrointestinal discomfort
Diagnosis
Early diagnosis of these conditions is crucial. For both, a medical history, physical examination and gynecologic ultrasound are performed. In the case of PCOS, a blood test is also ordered to evaluate hormone levels and determine if there is an imbalance.
With Endometriosis, establishing an accurate diagnosis can be more complicated and may require an MRI or laparoscopy, a minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows the physician to directly observe the inside of the abdomen and pelvis.
Treatment
As chronic pathologies, both PCOS and Endometriosis require ongoing and personalized treatments.
For PCOS, the most effective approach is based on a change of lifestyle, which includes a balanced diet and the incorporation of regular physical exercise. In addition, pharmacological treatments can be used to regulate menstrual cycles and control elevated levels of androgens, which are responsible for the hormonal imbalances typical of this condition.
Endometriosis, on the other hand, requires medication or surgery, depending on the severity of symptoms. Anti-inflammatory drugs are common for pain relief, while hormonal therapies, which suppress menstrual bleeding, are essential for long-term control. In more severe cases, minimally invasive surgery may be necessary to remove endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
Early detection and appropriate treatment of both conditions are essential to prevent serious health consequences for women who suffer from them, especially difficulties in conceiving. PCOS also carries other important risks, such as diabetes or obesity.
At the CreuBlanca Gynecology Unit, we recommend regular gynecological check-ups to ensure that any alterations are addressed early, thus favoring more effective treatment and avoiding possible long-term complications. If you experience symptoms related to these conditions, do not hesitate to consult a specialist. Your health and well-being are our priority.